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1 英语愿意

退火：Annealing

2 英文解释

2.1 annealing 的含义

annealing是anneal的现在分词。

anneal verb ENGINEERING specialized

to make metal or glass soft by heating and then cooling it slowly.

2.2 What Is the History of Annealing?

Annealing is understood to have been discovered as a heat treatment in the Middle Ages, around the 12th century. The word likely originated from the Middle English term “anelen”, meaning to set on fire or to bake. It was in Europe, through advances in blacksmithing, that craftsmen discovered that annealing (heating to above a certain temperature and then allowing the metal to cool) changed the properties of iron and steel.

退火是在中世纪（12世纪左右）被发现的一种热处理。这个词可能起源于中古英语术语“anelen”，意思是放火或烘烤。在欧洲，通过锻造的进步，工匠们发现退火（加热到一定温度以上，然后让金属冷却）改变了钢铁的性能。

2.3 At What Temperature Is Annealing Done?

The temperature at which annealing is achieved depends on the material being annealed, and the type of annealing being carried out. Annealing is typically carried out either just below the lower critical temperature of an alloy for stress relief annealing, or just above the upper critical temperature, for complete annealing. The values of these temperatures will depend on the specific alloy. For steel, stress relief annealing is typically carried out at around 700 °C, and for complete annealing, the temperatures can be as high as 1,200 °C.

实现退火的温度取决于被退火的材料以及所进行的退火类型。退火通常在合金的临界温度刚好低于以下进行，以进行应力去退火，或者在临界温度上限以上进行，以进行完全退火。这些温度的值将取决于特定的合金。对于钢，应力去退火通常在 700 °C 左右进行，而对于完全退火，温度可高达 1,200 °C。

3 中文解释

退火是一种金属热处理工艺，指的是将金属缓慢加热到一定温度，保持足够时间，然后以适宜速度冷却。广义上说，退火是一种对材料的热处理工艺，包括金属材料、非金属材料。而且新材料的退火目的也与传统金属退火存在异同。